电磁学理论、光子和光

$$\begin{array}{rl}{\mathbf{F}}_E& =q\mathbf{E}\\ {\mathbf{F}}_B& =q\mathbf{v}\times \mathbf{B}\\ \mathbf{F}& ={\mathbf{F}}_E+{\mathbf{F}}_B\end{array}$$

法拉第电磁感应定律

$$\text{emf}=-\frac{\mathrm{d}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_M}{\mathrm{d}t}$$$$\oint \mathbf{E}\cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{l}=-{\iint }_A\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t}\cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{S}$$

高斯定律：电

$$\oint {\oint }_A\mathbf{E}\cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{S}=\frac{1}{{ϵ}_0}\sum q$$$$\oint {\oint }_A\mathbf{E}\cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{S}=\frac{1}{{ϵ}_0}{\iiint }_V\rho \mathrm{d}V$$

介电常数

Electric Permittivity

$$ϵ=K_E{ϵ}_0$$

高斯定律：磁

$${\mathrm{\Phi }}_M=\oint {\oint }_A\mathbf{B}\cdot \mathrm{d}\mathbf{S}=0$$